Lover
(chit thu)
Though they are closed
When remembering the sky
My eyes see the clouds.
Though arrived in a far away place
When thinking of the blue sea
I hear the sound of waves.
Though sleeping in a narrow room
When venturing my mind into the garden
I smell the fragrance of rose.
Until I am dead
That will make me remember and close is
This lover, my beloved!
Maung Sein Win (Padigon)
Translation by Dr. Maung Maung Nyo (31.3.2007)
The proud girl
(mahn wint thu)
In all eight directions of the world
Scenes are dark, cloudy and covered
Heralding heavy rain with water.
However,there's no rain pouring
It's her plain struttering
Her suitor lain gasping
Worse more on reflection.
Maung Maung Nyo (1959)
The most beautiful flower
(ah hla sone pan)
Fragnant jasmine
White and clean
Sweet and gleam
Simple men dream about you.
Red roses
No less pleasant
More fragnant and famous
Many men's love.
Lily in the pond
Dainty and dancing in the morn
Travelling common men
Found beholden.
But, my dear
You are the prettiest flower
With more colour and vigour
Move with grace and grandeur
You captivate me splendour.
Maung Maung Nyo (1958)
First Padauk Flowers
(Padauk Oo)
"Oh, so beautiful... "
Branches heavy with dangling flowers
Golden buds and yellow blossoms everywhere
Dainty delicate and pretty prettier
It was when the first padauk flowered.
"See, See, there... it flowers"
Shouted in joy from many door openers
Talking and running helter skelter
Under the yellow padauk tree they fled after
Collecting and colliding fallen flowers.
So greedy and dumb men
Some jumped on the tree and hacked it
Cut branches and twigs
Divided swiftly and snatched quickly
People mixed and mingled madly.
Because of snatching, catching and smashing
Padauk flowers were trampled and crushed
Leaving dark green leaves and stumps
In an unorderly dump.
I was thinking to cover
My beloved dark hair
With choicest golden flowers
As ornament by her dear lover, I.
Under the brokn branches
I stood and glanced
Observed a blossom ready to pick up
Heard, "Oh, sir, I just wish
To offer it to Buddha if..."
So saying competing with full of vigour
Our hands clashed clutching each other.
Dagon Taryar (Taryar Magazine 1947)
Translation by Dr. Maung Maung Nyo
Padauk = Pterocarpus Indicus
Where red orchids blossom
(ka thit pan mya pwint lan yar mye)
This is where red orchids blossom
It never alter its colour soon
Always bright red and blooms.
White royal orchids and many more
Sprouting, budding, bloomimg so
Medicinal and fragnant to the core
Many plants possessing such qualities
It's thus heavenly.
This place's weather is
Never mild, always hot and humid
Rains heavily, formerly bannished land.
However, it's well populated now
It's modernised all round
Found with sky scrapers and pucca houses
Buses, trains and aeroplanes crowded
Everything found and provided
May travel freely to arrive as decided.
People are healthy
Able to buy satisfactorily
It's buying spree now
Eat, drink and be merry
Moneywise and travel widely.
They encourage education wisely
Here's university, there's university
Fairly furnihed and populated accordingly
Unsatiated have options plenty
May go abroad for further study
Government encourages for the good of the country.
Business and economics ae computerised
Shares and stocks synthesised
Autos to planes systematised
Buying and selling acclimatized
And permitted for the progress of the country.
In religion, it's free for every body
Believe anything and worship accordingly
Not to argue and fight stupidly
It's freedom of religion really
No restriction for people to respect democracy.
We, Burmese, should also be proud rightly
In our country,once in history
"Is it Nanda lake of heavens? yes,certainly"
Recorded in poetry to be our honour
We like to remember
But, in my heart, i weep and mutter
That was ancient Pagan after all.
Dr. Maung Maung Nyo composed this poem in English in the year 2002 in Burmese in 2007.
Enjoying life on the equator
(equator paw hmar pyaw sayar)
Everyday on end
Scan your eyes
Sun shines
Bright brilliant and blinding
Incandescent white frightening
Resembling moon-lit night
Actually, swelteringly tight.
Morning evening everyday
Hot and warm they stay
Summer days to winter way
It never sways
Whenever it rains for a day or two
It returns too soon to warm weather
Ever present sweater
"As hot as ten suns" rather burning
It's like dancing on the equator.
On this place here
Town and city appear
From China
From Phillipina
From malaya
People came to adhere
To work for ever
Possess and prosper
Richer and wealthier properly
Building grander houses and dwellings
To settle happy people and siblings
In famous and clean
Kuching.
In this city
Every soul is
Warm and friendly
Old mates and brotherly
Act and interact favourably
Not superficially
Nor acting stylishly
But, in honest sincere relationship.
Feasting or eating out in kuching
Yours or mine no division
Really, no discrimination or segregation
All enjoy by sharing;
If work and business being heavy
Division of labour and priority is the key
You will be less greedy
You will be less needy
There will be less anxiety
And less demandingly
If you term them being lazy
Cos they wok so slowly
It's a folly
"No extra work, no burdnen,
Working man is a human", they say duly.
But, don't you worry
They have good income and salary
Paid lump sum and sufficiently
Wellclad and wellfed every body
It's socially satisfactory
Education of children and progeny
Again, no worry
"Gods favour the handicapped"
Not to be said, man
For, government has looked after them
With "bumiputra " policy!
Rice, water and paddy
It's plenty
Meat fish and vegetables
Big, chic and affordable
Milk, cheese and butter available
Biscuits and chocolates edible
Tea, coco and milo drinkable
Everything is imported
Every being is regarded as equal
Any one can buy for any sum well
Buyer seller admitted
Never ever limited.
I live here
It's peaceful
No enemy
No enmity
No competitor
No complainant or evil monger
Real peace of mind ever.
Oh, what more you want here!
I don't think of the future
Nor that of near
I'm a visitor
My dear wife and children
Happened to settle down
Wellfed wellclothed and wellgowned
Getting what they want now
Learning what they want along
Happy living they found
So, it sounds, i'll live happily on the equator now!
Dr. Maung Maung Nyo composed this poem in Burmese in the year 2000 and in English in 2007.
The night the star falls
(kye kyway thaw nya)
That night ...
Ko Tin Aye told me on phone,
"Ko Tin Aung passed away", my heart ached
"oh, a star has fallen...", i said, dazed.
Next day in the morning
Dr. Ba Tun and Ko Tin Nyunt
Came in to discuss what to do
Joining us at south okkalappa
Reminding us that "He was a people's writer!".
As he had told me before
"His body be cremated, his ashes'll be
entomed," I suggested
Everybody accepted in a body
And it was agreed.
I was instructed
To construct a tomb's model
I did well happily
His life, his philosophy
To be enshrined by architecture
At big base black marbles structure
Snatched from the remnants of Hmaing's tomb
Climbed upwards tapeing dome
One scarlet layer, then uppermost gold
The tip holds a glittering star!
The base denotes
Broad big masses of people
Black signifies deepest united force
Red means young militant activity
Star gleans for noble high ideal
All feel satisfied and yield
Architect Saya Shwe agreed to build.
At Kyandaw cemetery
1978, beside Ko Aung Gyaw's tomb
Bouquets of flowers aplomb
Teenage girls dare each other
Don flowers on their bosoms to my amazement
Reverend saya shin recited dhamma sacrament
That ascended in the air blessing
Kyandaw cemetery dressed in echo.
After entombing
Groups of relatives and friends
Paid respects and i, his sincerely
Adorned the fragnant red
"thaw-ka flower" Ko Ohn had handed
to his grave.
Bhamo Tin Aung
So well known among people
I do honour you!
(I almost cry whenever i read this poem. Bhamo Tin Aung was such a selfless, pennyless, dedicated, highly talented writer who lived for his country and people alone.)
Dagon Taryar (2.4.1998)
Translated by Dr. Maung Maung Nyo
The Sculptor
(ba bu saya)
Of human
Qualities and psyche
To be strewn clearly and correctly
Hew and chip nicely, deftly
Let it in details finely and smoothly
Grind surely and beautifully
Undo grooves and curves sensuously
Lock joints, halves and grafts carefully
Make sure of balance and stability
Each and every part in unity
To be matchless, spotless and brilliant
So will be the sculptor extraordinary!
Dagon Taryar (1959)
Translation by Dr. Maung Maung Nyo (17.3.2007)
Walking in the rain
(moe ye hte lan shauk chin)
In the rain
Remain invisible, dare so
Indivisable, "well, let's go"
Splash low this side pour forth other
Water forms waves and flakes of pearls
Makes quick runs and kicking curls
Chipping, frisking dark and blurred.
In the darkness
Flashes a lightning
Gnarling rootlets of "kokko"
Floating lifeless limbo
Snatching a headless fungus "hmo".
Between the old brick buildings
We wade and wander looking
Downpours forced us floating
Torrents and waves we dare clutching
Clasping and hugging in the rain
Grasping tight we remain.
At the end of road
Anxious and frightening episode
Lightning soaks half darkness
"Let's be pushed helpless thither
Watery windy rain freezes us sure
My warm hands will frisk you tighter".
Dagon Taryar (Taryar magazine, 1949)
Translation by Dr. Maung Maung Nyo
Spirit of freedom and justice
(lut lat yey seit neh tayar seit) 
Standing tall and erect facing me
Independence monument is gazing still.
On its side smiling
Is high court building.
Once in the morning
Once in the evening
This independence monument
That high court building
I pass on my way home thinking
Suddenly, there flashes in my mind
Spirit of freedom and justice shine
Frightening and blinding!
Maung Kyi Mon (Pan Alinka magazine, September 2006)
Translation Dr Maung Maung Nyo (23.3.2006)
Note: Independence monument is situated in Bandoola Square, Rangoon,
Burma since Independence in 1948. The high court building lies east
of the independence monument.
Requiem in Hospital
(say yone paw hma alinka
I have
This disease for sure.
During treament
It seems it retreated
Or it relapsed back.
Until today
I'm comfortable.
It's unpredictable
It's able to relapse
Spread metastases
To cover heart and liver
So cruel a killer.
I'm not afraid
Of diseas and old age
I'm waiting for the death train.
For children
I've written poems
But never concluded them
So i am relented, my only regret then.
Nyunt Aye (Innwa) (Ypokeshin Tay Kabyar magazine, March 2007)
Translation Dr. Maung Maung Nyo (23.3.2007)
Note: Poems appear in monthly magazine months or yers after it was composed or posted.
Gantgaw Ghost
(Gantgaw Tasay)
Look that lady
Face makeup and pretty
Wakeup and walks slowly
Stalking fairy.
As night falls
She knocks the door once and more
I will open it so.
Maturing from young to old
So many seasons to behold
Yet, clinging tightly in my chest boldly
She test my nerves and haunts incessantly
That daunting Gantgaw ghost beauty!
Lu Ein (Mahaythi Magazine, september 2006)
Translation Dr. Maung Maung Nyo (23.3.2006)
The nursing Buddha
(thu nar pyu phaya)
With shadowy brother Ananda
The exalted one, our Lord Buddha
Once in an itinerary
Duly observed.
Crows crowing flies flying
In a grimy grey building
Lord Buddha found on entering
A debilitated monk in the centre of building
Soiled with faeces and urine excessively
Lying alone that dying saintly
Thus met Buddha personally.
Like mother nursing a son
The exalted one said to ananda
"Fetch fresh clean water,
Let's bathe and wash him ananda", then later
Buddha holding head and ananda holding feet together
Lifted the cleansed monk carefully
Put him on a nice bed suitably
To let him sleep soundly.
Then, the Lord called the monks in session
Told them clearly instructing
" away from parents in seclusion
In search of dhamma and liberation
You monks are in dire situation
So nurse each other in inflictions;
If you do like me in such situation devotedly
(It's the same as devotion to me)
You will reach higher plane certainly."
Min Thu Wun (IM 2 Magazine, 1968)
Translations Dr Maung Maung Nyo (26.3.2007)
Our Alma Mater's Day
(doh mi khin ei nayh)
People, time and years
Flow together to form a river
Their roots still attached float thereafter
Strand or collide with rocks anywhere
End on any island et cetera.
New and newer men
Time and water then flow even
They stary and end but our alma mater
Rangoon University flourishes ever
Many generations of students she caters
For her pride, her honour and her world
Educational excellence she delivers
Bringing further accolades and glamour.
Brilliant like a sun in Asia
Crowded with scholars from afar
Our varsity welcomes all knowledge sekers
Warmly, intimately and sincerely
Fondles like a mother, nurturing so kindly.
In her sincere and sympathetic sky
Myriads of moons shine
Countless stars shine
Fame, name and honour she enjoys
It's approaching her Diamond Jubilee's time
Our Alma Mater's day is so sublime
Let's pay homage and join.
Nyunt Wai (Katha) (1995)
Translation Dr Maung Maung Nyo (29.3.2007)
In the Mandalay Hall of Fame
(mandalay ah saung hnite)
In this hall of fame
They spent their time and trained
Made friends and gained
Sincerity and unity acclaimed
Remain as comrades as ever.
In this hall of residence
They all spent day and night
They read, they learned and they tried
In continuous and earnest style
Never forget but remember their lives.
In this hall of fame
They meet and speak again
Belive me!, we are not the same
We've changed, many things have changed
We've accumulated many experiences to claim
But, we remain honest nd humble as trained
As graduates of the Rangoon University's fame!
Htilar Sitthu (31.10.1995)
Translation dr maung maung nyo (28.3.2007)
Remembering Pagan
(Pagan ko aut meih chin)
Anawrahta the great
Made Burma a state
Remembering it makes
Arinaddana great too
So magnificent and cool, I salute you.
Built granaries, canals and waterways
For drinking bathing and tilling he gave
Water water everywhere in those days
"aye, aye, sadu, sadu", they would say
Parent of people Anawrahta the benefactor's way
So noble was he ,deep respects I pay.
People meant king, king meant people
Heart to heart they ruled and toiled
During that time
Rule of law prevailed and shined
State stable and fine
Armed forces strong brave and kind
Noble of spirit big and sincere
Born and bred together they were brothers
Equal and united everywhere
Young showed respect to elders
Unity harmony and prosperity gathered.
Followers and leaders aimed high
Remained noble alike
And built pagan right.
Patriotic
Strong spirit and new wit
Bit by bit they built higher.
Patriotic
With new spirit and beautiful mind
They made fine arts and higher palaces.
Patriotic
Selfless with swords in hand
They vanquished enemy bands.
Pagan meant
Honest, sincere and united.
Past greatness and grandeur
Make me think and ponder
Happier and contented
Pleasant in the twilight shed.
Tin Moe (1981)
Translations by Dr. Maung Maung Nyo
Once we were dinosaurs
(ta kha ka dot dinosaurs bar beir)
Millions of years ago
There flourished our forefathers
In historic Germany, Canada and America
Including Mongolia as monarchs.
Has Man evolved? Lion means a small fry
It roams three mountainous terrains while just yesterday
Lord of all animals it swaggers
One howl is enough to terrorize
Deer stag and animals of small size
Fall, frightened and demised.
If our ancestors
Howl, growl and attack
Rock walls crack
Inanimate objects shocked and fall flat
Forests and mountains reverberated.
Our ancestors can,
For man unfamiliar treetop’s
Young leaves, extend neck from the ground
Dine with pomp and gong.
Not to mention the body
Neck alone is twelve feet nearly
Height reaches twice of man longitudinally
In Africa, Europe and elsewhere presently
Our ancestor’s fossils and others’ properties
Dug and found I hear, really.
Well, now…
Our ancestor’s form and bones
Shown in the museums and cloned.
Ashamed of myself and thy
In our generation in our time
Size of a hand span while in green bush
We change to green colour to suit
In yellow bushes and creepers
We alter to yellow colour
To adapt to our surroundings
Nodding our heads accordingly.
When edibles are found
We scramble along rapidly
No sense of shame for ancestry
Forget about pride and honesty
Lowest esteem and nothing left for collection
Really no voice rendition
For food satisfaction we move bush to bush
Housing in wood holes, we chameleons would…
(Well) once we were dinosaurs millions of years ago!
Khin Hnin Yu (1.1.1999)
Translation Dr Maung Maung Nyo (26.3.2007)
Kings of Pagan, Pagodas of pagan
(Pagan Min Pagan Phaya)
Look that side
There resides respectable venerable
Beautiful Ananda.
Look this side
There resides respectable admirable
Strong massive nan Phaya.
Look to the left
There resides respectable mountain tip
Adorable golden Shwezigon.
Look to the right
There resides respectable mountain
Memorable massive Thatbinnyu.
Look to the left or right
Wherever you might
There reside respectable pagodas.
So many pagodas they have built
But in this crowded Pagan city
Gilded houses palaces and luxuries
Are never found till today.
Those famous shining Burmese kings
Rather than their comforts and mansions
Kept strong beliefs and religion
On their forehead and schemes
So vividly preferred in their vision!
Tekkatho Min Maw (1965)
Translation by Dr. Maung Maung Nyo (22.3.2007)
Resistance
(taw hlan hmu)
As summer enters
"padauk" flowers in gold
Bloomimg branching bunches bold
Behold the golden and buddy molds.
Along the river
Summer disappers and cool rain showers
Disdain and discard hot beginner
"padauk" flowers wear top honour.
The golden padauk flowers
Rather boldly,though skyward to be
So adventurous and uncowardly
She blossoms rebelliously.
Dagon Taryar (1941)
Translation by Dr. Maung Maung Nyo
Padauk = Pterocarpus Indicus
Still wearing flower in defiance
(pan pan hleb pe)
At the foot of brown fawny swampland
Hyacinth rises and falls with wave bends.
Falling is not an easy thing
A fallen coco branch floats downstream
Screaming and slamming the tiny hyacinth
To collide her sides to sink.
Collision is also not easy
Next, a tide covers her completely
Drowning our beauty, lady hyacinth blue
Rise of wave at body's length floating her anew.
Floating back is also not easier
From a little streamlet ducks appear
Flocks of ducks near hundreds
Hyacinth numbers just one head.
Braving kicks and brawls
Flying hyacinth grit and growls
Wearing a flower defying and daring all.
ZawGyi (Rangoon University O'way Magazine, 1960)
Translation by Dr. Maung Maung Nyo (18.3.2007)
Let's go to Tahiti
(Ta hi ti thwa ya aung)
(poet's escapism)
Mango flowers
Withered and ruffle down red yellow
Shuffle low around water boundary
Scuttle down along sea domain
Tahiti is its name.
Oh...look around
Worn down by sun
Stunned hidden mango leaves
Bleached and clad in toto Gauguin red
Fed Tahiti pleased.
On that island...
Bland preaches and damned speeches
Grand political niches are banned.
Of human life
Superficial luxury and rites
Invented humour to romantic strifes
Devoid of movie and likes.
Grandmother's nagging
Never ending ever hacking
Her swearings were lacking
Nesting birds' chirping
Heard charming lurking.
Under the mosses and ferns
You can toss and darn snakes
Make great fun and raids.
Champagne and wine altogether
Disdained defined for coconut water
A drink powers you drunk
No bother, slumber on sand as bunk.
If hungry
Ferry the branch of bananas
Parry the covering skins asunder
Devour vitamins, minerals and nutria
Eat to your content altogether.
Anything more?
Oh, cool and quiet under the bough
So are we duo hand in hand?
Or tend to sing at liberty
At loud voice until shrill and soliloquy!
What more you want?
Under the cool and quiet bough
Kept eyes half-closed so
Romantise and find rhymes
Lie for poetry and crazy times.
How are you, May?
Away from pretentious men
Let's tend towards the island
Hand in hand, then, "tell me when?".
Dagon Taryar (Shumawa magazine 1949)
Translation by Dr. Maung Maung Nyo
photo credit
The greenish diamond-velvet farmland
(Sein Kadipa Yeikmyon)
This emerald meadow
Endless in morning snow
Sparkling diamond,glass and stones
Blurry, bright and blinding shone
Diamond? glass? emerald? other jewel?
Uncertain of their nature all that well
Earth and heaven swell with blue sky
Greenish hue and yellowish blue contend
This is true, my land, my farmland!
My great father had
Handed me this farmland
That extends greenly to the mountain range
Strangely jade green at night,viper green in daylight
Golden sheen in the morn and pinkish at twilight
Borders of farmland are pastures all right
Very wide and real grand
Well! it's my farmland extending to the horizon!
Dagon Taryar (January 1993, in Kalya Magazine)
Translation by Dr. Maung Maung Nyo
Towards "Tharapa" gate of pagan
(ba gan pyi tha ra pa gate thoh)
The last day of her majesty
(ma phaya ei nauk sone nayh)
(A story of 1789 French Revolution)
Through the veils of window
Lo and behold! myriads of roses blooming in the garden
Then, in summer they withered, discoloured and unreddened
Young Japanese cherries were ordered and planted
She sipped the Italian vintage wine as wanted
So asleep in the lap of luxury
She is that famous French queen Marie.
Her dresses
Were made of silk and satin of Sina (China)
So was star-studded shoes from India
So was the coats made of fur
Of foxes that live in the north pole so far
So was ordered from Sahara
The cheese made from the milk of camel mother
To be tasted and devoured with pleasure
In the abode of the king's palace that glittered.
In this country
If people are starving due to famine
No bread to eat and dine
People marched to protest and demanded
"Give us bread, or we'll be dead".
On hearing the people's protest loud and clear
She whispered, "What’s the matter?"
The ministers answered in the din
"They are demanding bread, our queen."
"Then, it's not a problem,
Give them cakes, if no bread left!"
That's her advice not in jest.
In this country
People united and became more powerful
They rebelled and their revolution became successful
They guillotined the king and queen to be eventful
So was the end of the story of unsympathetic and unmerciful!
Dagon Taryar
Translated by Dr. Maung Maung Nyo. (IM2 magazine, 1971)
Poetry
(Ah Lin Ka)
At first hearing
It's loud in the ear
At first vision
It's blur
The thunder in the sky
It moves like a wave in the eye.
If you know how to feel
The highest art form is poetry
Whatever you hear, whatever you see
It's like echos in the sea
The sound of music touching the heart pleasantly
Gently, smoothly and beautifully.
Dagon Taryar (1938)
Translation: Dr. Maung Maung Nyo (2007)
The sacrifice
(yit pu zaw pwe)
At the begining of the world
The savages desired to eat meat
They killed the animals as sacrificial rite
They're happy, they drunk and danced the whole night
It was such a sacrificial rite.
The sound of drums and flutes
Pollute the air since history began
These rites multiplied and never end
Even today it happens
Man tends to fulfill his ambition
Waging wars and revolutionsis't not the sacrifice in imitation?
My philosophy is
Derived from peace
For love, for culture
For world peace, is't a wonder?
Dagon Taryar (2003)
Translated by Dr. Maung Maung Nyo (2007)
The Red Star
(Kye Ni)
Lo and behold! o'friend
At east of this land over horizon
Broken a golden crimson
Overflown ruby nectar all round
Dipping red dawn abound.
Whole night...
Clothed tight in dark cloudy colour
But, now those darkest days are over
Our revolution has succeeded!
Harbingering light and life instead.
Dagon taryar (1947)
Translation: Dr Maung Maung Nyo (March 20, 2007)
Resistance in March
(mart la taw hlan yey)
On the horizon…
All of a sudden, white flashes occur
It cracks and augurs
Stretches across azure sky with ruby nectar
Spread with strength to redden afar
A blur view of beginning dawn there!
Dim and dark
Stark blurred and quiet in starlight
River jetty rather not far away in sight
At the bank of creek peeks slow and quiet
A slight boat with a village lad
Clad in short-sleeved cotton shirt, he crouched
Focused he moved a load of dry grass
Plied with straw, covered en mass under
He lowered his body, render arms support and prone body
To gather from the inside boat, a lone machine gun ready!
Under darkness
Still and silent at the bend of creek
Mixed, mingled bushes, grass and twigs peak
At thick backyard, murky, muddy and sandy beak
A Fascist outpost stands neat!
At the bend of creek
He seeks immediately the beak land
Rowing and seeking closer then
Suddenly, silence is broken
Sending sound of strong gun fires
Reverberating through out the river.
Under the moonlight
Night is dark and tight
Clouds hover quietly
Moon smiles slightly and looks down
The world is brightly lit now
Edge of wide paddy fields
Periphery of thick thicket yields
Flickering moving lighted lanterns
Blue sky dangles and hangs
Round white ample loads descending
In bright moonlight we apprehend
Army rations from plane have landed!
A village was
Raided and burnt wickedly
Ravaged and ransacked ruthlessly
Villagers fled helter-skelter on dry barren fields
From smoky scorched earth they lived
Worn, weak and wobbled in feeble breeze
Carrying weakened sounds of dog barking in far reaches.
Starflowers
Scatter yellow on the ground
Mixed with old fallen leaves around
Half red half yellow circling down
Whirlwinds spawn them red to yellow
Sallow leaves in early summer galore.
Mature and old
Those leaves are discarded to renew
To reschedule a fresh system of new buds
Touting the white star in red garb.
Dagon Taryar (Taryar Magazine 1947)
Translation: Dr Maung Maung Nyo (19.3.2007)
