(5) The Adventure of Tint De, the Versatile Writer
Saya Tint De was the "king of short stories" in his hey days in Burma the 1950's , but he went to London as a BBC broadcaster in 1954.
He lived in London for over fifteen years and came back to Burma in the
late 1960s and early 1970s. He wrote a short story based on human
psychology borne out by his experience on the train from Mandalay to
Rangoon. The story runs like this:
(Mandalay Fort, Moat and Hill)
He took the train from Thazi and found it was crowded in his apartment,
the six seated old model. He and his friend could barely sat as the
obese old lady was sitting alone on the double sofa dozing and her
daughter, a beautiful maiden, was reading a monthly magazine,
indifferent to them. There was a couple, Anglo-Indian, the man was
wearing a suit with a tie and reading the Time, his wife doing embroidery.
They did not care other people and so only the two were left speaking.
(The Mandalay Yangon Train)
After a few miles from Thazi, his friend, Maung Swe, asked Saya Tint
De what to do as they could not sit properly, relax and talk. He said,
" I will let them talk and make way for us." "Really?" "Yes, you bet.
A bottle of whisky if I could do it before reaching Pegu?" " Ok".
Then, they both entered their compartment and Tint De coughed.
Maung Swe enquired, "Coughing agai! What happened?"
"I don't know. I had blood in the cough about six months ago. The doctor
said it could be TB."
(The Burma Train)
The Anglo-Indian looked at them, but did not sayanything.
Tint De said then, " I say Maung Swe, my girl friend likes
erotic books and magazines and she asked me to buy one from Rangoon."
Surprised, Maung Swe said," Oh, very strange, I never thought a good
girl would read such book and magazine!" Tint De then said, “Maung Swe,
take me to the lavatory. I like to cough", so saying he got out of the
apartment followed by Maung Swe.
They came back after half an hour and found the four people speaking to
each other and looked at them. The young girl was no longer reading the
magazine, the old woman was sitting properly and made way to one of them.
Tint De sat next to her. It was near Nyaung Lebin. Then after passing
Nyaung Lebin Tint De coughed out blood , spitting it on the floor.
the Anglo-Indian couple ran away, followed by the young girl leaving
only the old obese lady. All of them left the apartment at Pegu station.
Tint De and Maung Swe were left together having the whole apartment
to themselves.
Maung Swe asked Tint De," Hey, Pho Tint de, how did you do it?
What is that red fluid coming out of your mouth?"
Tint De smiled and said, "It’s just betal leaves fluid (Kwan Thwe)."
Maung Swe continued," How did you do it, man?"
Tint De smiled and said," Maung Swe, this is applying human psychology.
Each of the four persons lived in their own world indifferent to the
surrounding as they were cozy when we first came in. Once some danger,
my TB and coughing of blood came, they flocked together and talked to
each other for mutual support. So when I spit out red Kwan Thway, they
were so afraid that they ran away, changing the apartment at Pegu
station. Now, you owe a bottle of whisky, OK? Buy it in Rangoon".
"Yes, OK ", Maung Swe said.
Saya Tint De asked Maung Swe," If you wish we can bet whether this
train would step on a mine before reaching Thingangyun?". Maung Swe
said swiftly," No, No. I can buy you whisky, but I'm not ready to die,yet."
They both laughed.
(The Shwedagon Pagoda at Night)
Saya Tint De's real name was U Sen Win, BA, Bl. He studied psychology
at the RangoonUniversity and pursued further in UK. He died in Burma
in the late 1970s. Maung Swe was Thaw Dar Swe, the late celebrated
hunourist writer.
(6)The State Leaders Read Comic Books!
Fortunately or unfortunately I was appointed in late 1988 as a
member of the Central Literary Prize Selection Committee to select
suitable books for the National literary Prize of the year just passed.
I read all the books published for each year from 1987 to 1997 (ten years).
(The City Hall, Yangon)
I noticed that we were not given any comic or cartoon books published
each year. So at one meeting I stood up and asked why such books were
not distributed to us each year. No one answered.Dr Khin Maung Nyunt
Ph.D.(London) and the celebrated historian, said," Yes, I agreed
with Dr Maung Maung Nyo. I also do not get those books. Some
Responsible person should give us the answer!"
(The Thihathana Throne, The National Museum, Yangon)
Then, the Director of Press Scrutiny Board stood up and said," Sirs, I
do not wish to say this, but because you gentle men rightfully asked I
have to answer that those comic, cartoon and humour book have no
literary prize and we have to submit them to the State Council for
their reading pleasure. I hope you understand this."
" Oh, do they read these things! Who read such children books?" I
exclaimed. The officer replied," Saya, the president, vice president
and members of the State Council read them."
(The Offices of Minsisters, Yangon, Formerly the Secretariat)
"Yes, they are great people. They occupy the highest positions of the
state and they read the same books as the saying goes, great men think
alike, now they read alike." said, Dr Khin Maung Nyunt. We all laughed
except that Director of Press Scrutiny Board.
7) Can Any Body Write a Short Story?
One day Maung Kyaw or Saya P. Moh Nin came back to his apartment
from the city and smiled at U Ba, the grocery store owner, who was
pacing in front of his apartment building. U Ba asked him," Maung
Kyaw, why are you smiling? Have some money for me?"
Maung Kyaw replied," Yes, of course.I just got royalties (Sar Mu Kha)
for my stories that I wrote the other day!"
U Ba was glad and then said," Very good, Maung Kyaw. Repay my debts."
"Yes, Sir. I'll repay you all your debts now. But please sell me on credit if
I'm bankrupt again.", said Maung Kyaw while taking out Burmese rupees
(Kyats) notes from the inner pocket of his Typos coat (jacket) and
handed them to U Ba.
U Ba was glad and curiously asked Maung Kyaw," By the way, Maung Kyaw,
you definitely got all these Pikesan (money) by writing your so called
stories?". " Yes, of course, U Ba", Maung kyaw replied enthusiastically.
" Then, I must ask you a favour, Maung Kyaw. I have written some pieces
on the pages of an exercise book and please sell them to your
publishers." So saying U Ba went back to his grocery store, came back
and handed them to Maung Kyaw. Maung Kyaw read them and laughed
heartedly until tears came out from his eyes.
U Ba asked in puzzlement," Maung Kyaw, Why do you laugh?"
Maung Kyaw replied," Uncle, what you wrote are not short or long
stories. They are just ramblings and rants containing list of debts,
prayers and what not!"
He told this story to his disciples, Thu Kha, Thar Du and Mya Myo
Lwin. They all laughed whole-heartedly pressing their abdomen with
their hands, tears coming out of their eyes.
(8) I Can Also Write Burmese Book Easily!
I had the similar experience at Institute of Medicine 2 in the
early 1970s when my first book," Theikpan Nee Kya Ein Htaung The Bawa
(Sex, Science and Marriage), Yaw Gar San Hnint Zat Lan Myar (Collected
Short Stories) and Ceit Yaw Ko Bar Wai Dana Zone (Of Men and Maladies )
were published. The latter won the national literary prize. And friends
noticed that I was living on the writings without practising medicine for money.
(The Cover of Institute of Medicine 2, Mingaladon, Yangon , Teachers
Puza Number)
Sayagyi Dr Tin Aung, microbiologist and my old teacher, one day told
me," Hey, Maung Nyo. I'm glad you have become a successful writer. One
of my young staff told me she would stop practice (medical clinic) and
start writing to earn for a living like you. She thought any body can
write book and stories overnight. I know you write since student days."
(Dr Tin Aung, Head of Microbiology Department, Institute of Medicine 2,
Yangon, My Old Teacher)
I knew who he was referring to. She never becomes a writer even after
retirement at the ripe old age of over sixty years.
(3) “Why do you write a short story? You can buy it to save time!”
Once Maung Kyaw, a young writer, was writing earnestly in his
apartment in Tammwe, Rangoon, before the WW II. U Ba, an owner of
the grocery store nearby, came to his apartment, but Maung Kyaw did
not pay any notice to him.
(Khitsan Stories, "Time Testing Short Stories", cover)
So, U Ba cleared his throat and asked
Maung Kyaw," Hey, Maung Kyaw, what are you writing so absorbed?
You did not even notice me coming."
(Book Cover of A Book by P. Monin)
Maung Kyaw then stopped his
writing, looked up and said," Ah, U Lay Ba ,I'm writing a short
story. It's the climax and nearing the end. Do you come here to ask
for your debt? No money yet, U Lay Ba."
U Ba shook his head and said," Oh, I can wait for your debt. But why
write a story yourself. Buy a book or a magazine and read it. It will
save your time."
(The Man Like Him (Thu Lo Lu) by Journalgyaw Ma Ma Lay)
Maung Kyaw laughed heartily, changed his clothes and left for the city.
Maung Kyaw was the real name of Sayagyi P. Mo Nin, the celebrated
writer and GOM of Burmese letters then. He told this story to his
friends and disciples like Thu-Kha, Mya Myo Lwin and Zawana. They all
laughed.
(4) What is a short story and what is a novel?
Once we were in the midst of a conference/meeting for selecting
the National Literary Prize for that year. Then, some one asked us
to stand up and we all stood when a VIP with his entourage entered
our room and greeted us. He asked us," What are you all Sayas doing?"
(Eight Modern Classic Burmese Poems cover)
The Chairman of our group, one Deputy Minister, replied," We are
selecting the stories for this year prize, Sir." The minister for information said,
"Good, What type of story?" The Chairman replied, "Short stories and
novel, Sir".
(Zawgyi Centenary Celebration Booklet cover)
The minister for information asked," What is a short story and what is an
article? What is the difference between short and long story?". The
Chairman replied," There are books in these topic written by Dr Maung
Maung Nyo.We'll present you, Sir." The minister said," Ha, I know Dr
Maung Maung Nyo. I read his articles in Doh Kyaung Tha Sar-Saung
(Our Student Bulletin)."
(Of Human Body by Drs MMN & NOM)
All the writers and poets laughed as that Sar_Saung is meant for
the middle and high school students.
I am always intrigued with the Pyu, an early Tibeto-Burman
tribe that entered Burma since the beginning of the Burmese
History, since my high school days. We read in the Burmese History
books that the three big tribes entered Burma to populate it namely
Pyu, Kamyan and Thet. The Pyu became Burman later, Kamyam
became Arakanese and Thet became Chin.
(Dr Than Tun M.A.,B.L.(Yangon), Ph.D.(London), D.Litt.(London)
Recipient of Fukuowa Prize for Humanities Research)
However, Professor Luce and modern Burmese historians write that
the Pyu disappeared completely by about AD 9th century as their city
probably Hanlin or Halin was destroyed in AD 832 by the Nan Chao.
However, the Burmese traditionally say that the Pyu became
Bamar and the Bagan or Pagan was established by the Pyu of
the Sri Ksetra (Prome or Pyi) led by Thamudrit when the latter was
destroyed by the Nga-Sagaw Army.
Sayagyi Luce hypothesized that the Nga-Sagaw Army may belong to
the Sagaw Karen of today. Is the rumour (Nga Sagaw! , Nga Sagaw! ,
a widow shouts for her Sagaw, a flat circular basket for sieving rice,
and people fled helter skelter thus Sri Kestra is destroyed!) reliable ?
And I cannot believe that a whole tribe of the Pyu disappeared because
there are no longer Pyu writings and Pyu speaking people. It may be
due to these people no longer using their writing alphabets and language.
(Modern Map of Burma, Union of Myanmar)
Look at the countries of the English speaking people nowadays:
In USA the native Indian’s languages have disappeared tribe by tribe.
So is the Aborigine’s language in Australia and Maori language in
New Zealand. I also know that in Malaysia changing the script
from the Urdu script to Roman script made Malay no longer able
to read or write their old Malay scripts. By not using these old Malay
script does not mean the Malays have disappear!
(Map of Asia Showing Nan Chao and Pagan, Arakan, Burma)
The Malay people are still here in Malaysia. So is the change in Vietnam
when the script changed from the old Vietnamese pictogram to the
present Roman script. This could have happen to the Pyu of Burma as
they are absorbed into Bamar or Burman. This view is being put forward
by the late Dr Than Tun, an eminent Burmese historian. Enjoy.
Where have the Pyu disappeared?
This is the title of the book written by the late Sayagyi Dr Than Tun, the
celebrated historian of Burma. It was published in July 2006.
(The P
(The Pyu Alphabets)
Dr Dr Dr Than Tun writes: If some one asks where have the Pyu disappeared?
I would I would say, ” I’m here!” It’s because the Pyu and Myanmar are the same.
I’ll give the irrefutable evidence. Today Burma comprising Shan (Tai) in the east,
Rakhaing in the west, Mon in the south, Chin and Kachin in the north, Myanmar
in the centre has great cities starting with Bagan.
(Pyu Script on the Face of Myazedi Stone Inscription)
If weIf If we talk about Pagan, we must start with Pyu Saw Hti (Pyusawti), the king of Pyu.
Where are those Pyu? They are mixed with Bamar now. But this assimilation is not so long. We see Pyu writings in the Myazedi Inscription in AD 1084 and the latest one in the AD16th century. Some people say the Pyu still live in the Yaw region of Magwe Division. Why did this happen?
It’s due to the influence of the Bamar. Let’s see the defence forces of the Pyu.
(Map of Burma Showing the Places Where the Pyu Lived)
Pyu had 9 forts or fort towns:
(1) Taungdwingyi
(2) Hsipaw
(3) Halin (Hanlin)
(4) Nahtogyi
(5) Maingmaw (Mongmao) near Kume
(6) Htichaingt (Hticheint)
(7) Hmawzar (East Thegone)
(8) East Bhamo (Kanthidar)
(9) Mauria near Mway Yin
Mauria is situated to the west of IrrawaddyRiver, but its exact situation is not known. Majority of the Pyu lived in Bhamo, Htichaingt, Shwebo District, Kyaukse District, Taungdwingyi areas. These areas are Bamar places and the Pyu have come and lived there since the 1st century AD.
The Pyu places are as follows:
1)Around Kyugoke (Kyu-Gok)
2)Rakhaing (Arakan) Coast (Some places)
3)Around Thabeikkyin
4)West of IrrawaddyRiver between Katha and Shwegu
5)Around Monywa
6)Near PanlongRiver and ZawgyiRiver Confluence
7)Near Salin
8)Htilin area
9)Pagan
10)SittangRiver basin
11)Around Tagaung
12)Around Toungu
13)Around Pegu
14)Around Mottama (Martaban) and Thaton
The Pyu in the above places married with the incoming Bamar and their children no longer use the Pyu names. It’s the reason these Pyu seemed to disappear.
In the foreign relations, the Pyu had relations with India especially Orissa
from the estuary of the HugeliRiver to the southern end of Malay Peninsula
and all the coastal regions of India, Vietnam, Champa. But the peoples
in those foreign landsforget the Pyu and they call Burmese peoples
as Shan (Tai), Mon and Bamar (Myanmar) only. I mean the Pyu
disappeared by assimilating into the Bamar. In this book I’ll pick or
take out the Pyu that have lived hidden staying underground.
(Dr Than Tun, 12.05.2006 )
The Ancient Pyu
The “Further India” was populated mostly by the Indonesian peoples
from Annam to JavaIslands. Burma at that time was populated by
cannibals and also by the tailed hominids, according to Ptolemy.
The Chinese Records describe the inhabitants of Burma as Piaou, polite ones.
The Chinese Records say, “There are established ways of correct relations
between king and ministers, father and son, senior and junior in rank,
” The Piaou wear silk cotton dresses. They use swords and axes
made with iron , copper metal, and gold. They use spices and herbs, clove.
The Tang Dynasty Historians called the Piaou as Tu Lou Kyu or Tu Li Chu.
They are also known as Ti- Sul or Trit-Cul. These Piaou are Pyu.
They live in Halin, Sri Kestra and Beikthano. There are urns with inscriptions
of names ending in Vikrama. There are other inscriptions ending with Gupta
or Varmans. They show the influence of Indian civilization in the Pyu areas.
The Pyu burn the dead and put the ashes in the urn.
The Tang Dynasty records have the detailed description of the Pyu culture.
The Pyu called the king Maha Raja and the Chief Minister as Maha Sena.
They have established ways of King Travel. The King has many queens.
They would not wear silk for fear of killing the silk worms.They are devout
Buddhists. There is evidence of Siva and Vishnu worships in the Pyu cities.
(Map of Sri Ksetra)
Sri Kestra is the largest city of the Pyu. The Pyu went north when it was
destroyed, but the Bamar or Pyu still have great aspects for the city by
calling it the City (Pyi). The Pyu writing was first found in the Myazedi
Inscriptions that has four surfaces, each written in Bamar (Myanmar),
Pyu, Pali and Mon respectively. The Pyu are Tibeto-Burman, closely
related to the Burman.
(Bawbawgyi Stupa in Sri Kestra)
The Pyu are dominated by the Nan Chao who sent the Pyu delegation
to the Chinese Emperor who liked the Pyu Dance. The Pyu dance and
music are well recorded by the Tang Dynasty. The Nan Chao destroyed
the PyuCity, probably Halin (Later research points to Sri Kestra),
in 1832 and ended the Pyu Reign. The Nan Chao took away3000 Pyu
whose remnants may be still seen in China living as destitute fishermen.
(Map of Halin)
(GH Luce. The Ancinet Pyu. JBRS, XXVII, iii, pp 239-253 and
BRSFAP, I, 307-322 translated by Dr Than Tun to Burmese,
translated in gist by Dr Maung Maung Nyo to English.)
The Pyu According to the Burmese Chronicles (Classic Histories)
From the study of the Pyu insciption it may be inferred that the Pyu language
has no consonants and has 8 syllables. It is a Tibet-Burman language, close
to the Burmese. (Tin in General Linguistics.)
(Pyu Coins Compared with a US Ten Cents Coin)
The Pyu has different names. They called themselves Tu-LaoKyu , the Chinese
called them Piaou. Javans called them Ku-Li-Chu. The Persian called them
Tirsul or Tir-Cul. Kyanzittha Palace Inscriptions mentioned them as Tircul.
They had been in Burma since the 3rd century AD. A Hanlin Inscription of
the Pyu indicates the Pyu script resembles the Southern Indian Script.
(Big Stone Urn with Pyu Inscripton)
The Sri Kestra Inscriptions indicate there are two Pyu kings- Harivikrama and Zayachandrawikrama. They are contemporary kings in Sri Kestra. Harivikrama founded the city. This city is still extant although ruined. It’s circular in shape. It has many Pyu pagodas or stupas.
The Bawbawgyi Pagoda or Stupa is still visible and it is bell shape.
There are many Pyu coins with Hindu symbols. The Buddhist votive
tablets are also found. The Pyu have relations with China (Yunnan)
and India. The Pala have relations with the Pyu.
The PyuCity That Was Destroyed
It is stated that the Nan Chao destroyed the PyuCity in AD 1832.Professor Luce and older historians thought it was Halin. However, Dr Than Tun now thinks it wasSri Kestra, not Halin. It’s because if the Nan Chao had destroyed the city why would the Pyu go north to establish another city nearer to the enemy.
In AD 763-764, the Nan-Chao King Ko-Lo-Feng has overtaken the UpperIrrawaddyBasin. So the Pyu city destroyed must be Sri Kestra; the Pyu moved north.
(Present Day Halin in Shwebo District)
As the carbon dating has become available in 1993 I (Dr Than Tun)
would like to change the dates concerning Sri Kestra:
(1) That Sri Kestra is established in AD 638 is impossible.
(2) I also do not agree it is established in 1st century AD.
(3) I like to alter the dates of Vikramas too:
(a) Suriavikrama (Regnal years 63-688)
(b) Harivikrama (r 688-695)
(3) Sihavikrama(695-718)
(Gold Filled Teeth Found in Halin)
The Pyu Foreign Relations
The so-called Pyu coins are found in Sri Kstra, Halin, ShanState,
Kayah State, Thailand and Kampuchea. The symbols are Hindi
indicating sun, moon, conch, trident, sriwisra, geha etc. These coins
are used from 2nd century BC to 14th century AD. They are now
known to be minted by the Cambodian Kings. The Burmese called
the old Cambodians "Kwan or Gwan".
The PyuState extends as follows:
East... Chenla (Kampuchea or Cambodia)
South... Bay of Bengal
West... India
North...Yung Chan or Pao-Shan
East of PyuLand.. Dvarawati of Thailand
North East... Nan Chao
East... Khmer (Funan or Cambodia)
North of Funan lies Annam, now Vietnam.. Fanman or Srimar
(AD 205-225) once attacked Sri Kestra. King Srimar fought up
to Arakan Yoma, Kra Isthmus, governing Suvannabumi. He also
attacked Beikthano called Lin Yang by the Chinese.
(The Excavation at Beikthano)
Beikthano was founded in AD 1st century by the Pyu who left in
AD 3rd century. Then Mon entered it.In 4th century AD, the Pyu came
back and expelled the Mon. When Nan Chao destroyed Sri Kestra the
Pyu have already occupied the IrrawaddyBasin and Delta, Pegu,
SittangValley, Salween Estuary. The King in SriKestraCity controlled
not only the city, but also areas outside it. Sri Kestra had rice fields in it
to withstand enemy siege, encirclement and starvation.
(Map of Beikthano)
The Pyu Inscriptions and Pyu History
The Pyu came to Burma from the north-west of the country.
They followed the path of Naga, Thet (Sak) and Kanan (Ganan)
after living in South West of Yunnan (Yong Chang). They migrated
down along the rivers of N’Mai-Kha and IrrawaddyRivers. They lived
near Katha, then Shwe Bo District and along the IrrawaddyRiver
down to Beikthano and Sri Kestra. In the 2nd century AD Beikthano
was destroyed by the Funan or Kwan Army and the Pyu established
the Sri Kestra. They spread to the Irrawaddy Delta, SittangBasin and
Pegu River Estuary. That Pyu country may be called the First Union of
Burma (Union of Myanmar). Sri Kestra was destroyed in AD 832.
(Pyu Symbols on the Pyu Coins)
There are many Pyu inscriptions in Sri Kestra and other PyuCities.
Seven Pyu kings can be named:
(1) Devamitra
(2) Harivikrama
(3) Sihavikrama
(4) Suriavokrama
(5) Sirituvikram
(6) Zatravikrama
(7) Aditravikrama
Their dates of birth and ages with AD years can be ascertained starting
from AD 78 that is Saka Era:
Harivikram 57 y, 2 m, 24 d died on 19.07.120 AD (41Calendar Year)
Sihavikrama 80 y, 2m, 4 d died 20.09.123 AD (44 Calendar Year)
Suriavikrama (Queen) 35 y died on the same date (44 Calendar Year)
Suriavikram (King) 50 y, 5 m died on 143 AD (64 Calendar Year)
Ditaravikrama died in 163 AD (84 Calendar Year)
(Symbols Found on the Pyu Coins)
There was an overland route from Funan (Cambodia) to Vesali (Rakhaing)
through Dvarawati (Thailand), Beikthano (Burma), Sri Kestra (Burma).
The Pyu country was therefore surrounded by Funan in the east, East India
in the west, Nan Chao in the north and Bay of Bengal in the south.
The Chinese called Beikthano “Ramanna” in the 4th century AD. It grew
in strength and conquered all the Tai states in the north and Mon land in
the south. It could be called the First Union of Burma before Anawrahta.
Duttabaung the Great Pyu King
The great Pyu King Duttabaung is mentioned in many Burmese chronicles.
He is a hero associated with the occurrence of earth quake, land slide and
drying of sea. It’s unbelievable. However, the geologists said those events
occurred long before he was born. I know now he is a great Pyu King.
The Pyu came to Burma in the 1st century BC andby 1st century AD
they have occupied Burma from Halin in the north, Maingmaw or Mongmao
and Beikthanoin the middle, Sri Kestra in the south. By 4th century AD
their population extends from Lashio in the north and Mottama (Martaban)
in the south. They are the First Union of Burma builders. But in AD 832
Sri Kestra is destroyed and they intermarried with the new comer
Tibeto-Burmansand gradually disappeared. By 12th century the Pyu are
not mentioned as slaves in the inscriptions. Now, apart from 60 to 50 Pyu
words no body knows how to read the Pyu script. Duttabaung is not
the name of a king, it means just any Pyu king. Now we know that
Duttabaung means several Pyu kings.
According to the legend, Duttabaung is born from Mahathamawa
of the Tagaung ancestry. Mahathamawa married Bedayi in Sri Kestra
and her father Hermit consents the marriage after he knows that
Mahathamawa is his nephew. They established Sri Kestra. Mahathawawa
dies after some years and his younger brother Culathamawa inherited
the throne as well as Queen Bedayi. Hence King Duttabaung is said
to be born of two fathers (Maha and Cula Thamawas). His birth is
heralded by great events:
(1) A big earth quake with great din occurs.
(2) A lake appears in Pho U Taung area.
(3) Samon and SamyeikRivers appear.
(4) MountPopa emerges from the earth.
(5) Sea around Sri Kestra disappears.
The geologists say those events occurred about one million years ago!
But, the Pyu lived in Sri kestra and Duttabaung was their king.
He is the embodiment of several Pyu kings (7) that govern the Pyu
and protect them from enemies. These kings maintain order, preserve
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